![]() Since 2000, CDC has supported biennial surveillance to track ASD prevalence in multiple communities.ĪSD prevalence estimates have increased from 6.7 (one in 150) per 1,000 children aged 8 years at ADDM Network sites in surveillance years 20 to 18.5 (one in 54) in surveillance year 2016 ( 3– 10). The Children’s Health Act of 2000 authorized CDC to establish the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network. CDC began monitoring the prevalence of ASD in 1996, initially conducting studies among children in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia ( 2). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition ( DSM-5) defines ASD as the occurrence of persistent impairments in social interaction and the presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities ( 1). These findings also underscore the need for enhanced infrastructure for diagnostic, treatment, and support services to meet the needs of all children.Īutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that can cause a wide range of challenges in social interaction, communication, and behavior. Public Health Action: The variability in ASD prevalence and community ASD identification practices among children with different racial, ethnic, and geographical characteristics highlights the importance of research into the causes of that variability and strategies to provide equitable access to developmental evaluations and services. The higher proportion of Black children compared with White and Hispanic children classified as having intellectual disability was consistent with previous findings. Whereas overall ASD prevalence was similar by race and ethnicity, at certain sites Hispanic children were less likely to be identified as having ASD than White or Black children. Interpretation: In 2018, one in 44 children aged 8 years was estimated to have ASD, and prevalence and median age of identification varied widely across sites. Overall, children with ASD and IQ scores ≤70 had earlier median ages of ASD diagnosis than children with ASD and IQ scores >70 (44 versus 53 months). The percentages of children with ASD with IQ scores ≤70 were 49.8%, 33.1%, and 29.7% among Black, Hispanic, and White children, respectively. The median age of earliest known ASD diagnosis ranged from 36 months in California to 63 months in Minnesota.Īmong the 3,007 children with ASD and data on cognitive ability, 35.2% were classified as having an intelligence quotient (IQ) score ≤70. ASD prevalence per 1,000 children aged 8 years that was based exclusively on documented ASD diagnostic statements was 17.4 overall (range: 11.2 in Maryland to 29.9 in California). ![]() Among the 5,058 children who met the ASD case definition, 75.8% had a diagnostic statement of ASD in an evaluation, 18.8% had an ASD special education classification or eligibility and no ASD diagnostic statement, and 5.4% had an ASD ICD code only. ![]() The associations between ASD prevalence and neighborhood-level median household income varied by site. At multiple sites, Hispanic children had lower ASD prevalence than White children (Arizona, Arkansas, Georgia, and Utah), and non-Hispanic Black (Black) children (Georgia and Minnesota). Overall ASD prevalence was similar across racial and ethnic groups, except American Indian/Alaska Native children had higher ASD prevalence than non-Hispanic White (White) children (29.0 versus 21.2 per 1,000 children aged 8 years). The overall ASD prevalence was 23.0 per 1,000 (one in 44) children aged 8 years, and ASD was 4.2 times as prevalent among boys as among girls. Results: For 2018, across all 11 ADDM sites, ASD prevalence per 1,000 children aged 8 years ranged from 16.5 in Missouri to 38.9 in California. In 2018, children met the case definition if their records documented 1) an ASD diagnostic statement in an evaluation (diagnosis), 2) a special education classification of ASD (eligibility), or 3) an ASD International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code. To ascertain ASD among children aged 8 years, ADDM Network staff review and abstract developmental evaluations and records from community medical and educational service providers. ![]() This report focuses on the prevalence and characteristics of ASD among children aged 8 years in 2018 whose parents or guardians lived in 11 ADDM Network sites in the United States (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, Tennessee, Utah, and Wisconsin). Problem/Condition: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD).ĭescription of System: The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network conducts active surveillance of ASD.
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